{ "evidence": "ACTUAL_FINITE_VOLUME_THERMAL_CFD_NO_PHYSICAL_MEASUREMENTS", "solver": "OpenFOAM v2412 buoyantPimpleFoam", "fluid_model": { "R_JkgK": 287.05312044076084, "Cp_JkgK": 1005.0, "Cv_JkgK": 717.9468795592392, "equation": "perfectGas", "constant_provenance": "Exact retained OpenFOAM SI k=1.38065e-23, default NA=6.0221417930e23 and molecular weight28.9649179. Saved fields are read in 64-bit precision for the audit." }, "cases": [ { "case": "sealed-cylinder-null-L1", "metadata": { "geometry": "Closed horizontal circular cylinder, nominal 0.50 L", "radius_m": 0.035, "length_m": 0.1299224025239962, "nominal_volume_m3": 0.0005, "mesh_factor": 1, "wall_temperature_K": 293.15, "initial_gas_temperature_K": 293.15, "initial_pressure_Pa": 101325, "end_time_s": 30.0, "physics": "Compressible perfect-gas buoyant laminar Navier-Stokes and enthalpy; no mass-flow boundary. Imposed wall temperature, not a finite wall/cold-store model.", "scope": "Spatial mechanism/numerical reference. Real vessel heat capacity, insert geometry and cryogenic phase behavior remain outside this case.", "solver": "OpenFOAM v2412 buoyantPimpleFoam", "source_template": "OpenFOAM v2412 hotRoom tutorial (GPL notices retained in fvSchemes)." }, "cells": 8160, "mesh_volume_m3": 0.0004979463676212, "nominal_cylinder_volume_error_fraction": -0.004107264757600149, "final_time_s": 30.0, "configured_end_time_s": 30.0, "completed": true, "final_mean_pressure_Pa": 101325.000004, "uniform_cold_equilibrium_pressure_Pa": 101325.0, "final_pressure_difference_from_uniform_limit_Pa": 4.0000013541430235e-06, "solver_mass_relative_change": 1.4900144308203325e-13, "gas_internal_energy_change_J": 4.9319385908974806e-09, "integrated_wall_heat_into_gas_J": -3.1496841547928805e-08, "internal_heat_ledger_residual_J": 3.642878013882629e-08, "internal_heat_ledger_relative_discrepancy": 7.2857560277652574e-06, "initial_wall_heat_flux_from_postprocess": false, "field_ledger": { "snapshot_time_s": 30.0, "cell_count": 8160, "integrated_mesh_volume_m3": 0.000497946369206653, "EOS_integrated_mass_kg": 0.0005995798060511974, "temperature_mass_mean_K": 293.14999389648415, "temperature_volume_mean_K": 293.14999389648415, "temperature_min_K": 293.1499938964844, "temperature_max_K": 293.1499938964844, "maximum_speed_ms": 3.001966319970961e-07, "gas_internal_energy_J": 126.19123840784712, "gas_kinetic_energy_J": 5.3517507166884424e-18, "gas_potential_energy_change_J": -2.0752438523444213e-10, "gas_entropy_change_JK": 2.4203038163712214e-10, "gas_available_energy_J_relative_ambient": -4.80755379328257e-08, "mass_origin": "rho reconstructed independently from saved p,T using the exact perfect-gas EOS; compared with solver rho integrals, because rho is not written as a volume field.", "wall_heat_into_gas_J": -3.1496841547928805e-08, "total_entropy_generation_JK": 3.494731295406828e-10, "exergy_balance_residual_J": 5.437250999202545e-08, "saved_field_is_final": true, "EOS_mass_vs_solver_relative_error": 2.9867586959220205e-08 }, "fatal_solver_messages": [], "checks": { "mass_balance_below_1e-8": true, "heat_ledger_below_0p5pct_or_5mJ": true, "nonnegative_total_entropy_at_saved_field": true, "saved_EOS_mass_agrees_with_solver": true, "no_fatal_solver_message": true }, "numerical_budget_gate_pass": true }, { "case": "sealed-cylinder-cold-L1", "metadata": { "geometry": "Closed horizontal circular cylinder, nominal 0.50 L", "radius_m": 0.035, "length_m": 0.1299224025239962, "nominal_volume_m3": 0.0005, "mesh_factor": 1, "wall_temperature_K": 273.15, "initial_gas_temperature_K": 293.15, "initial_pressure_Pa": 101325, "end_time_s": 30.0, "physics": "Compressible perfect-gas buoyant laminar Navier-Stokes and enthalpy; no mass-flow boundary. Imposed wall temperature, not a finite wall/cold-store model.", "scope": "Spatial mechanism/numerical reference. Real vessel heat capacity, insert geometry and cryogenic phase behavior remain outside this case.", "solver": "OpenFOAM v2412 buoyantPimpleFoam", "source_template": "OpenFOAM v2412 hotRoom tutorial (GPL notices retained in fvSchemes)." }, "cells": 8160, "mesh_volume_m3": 0.0004979463676212, "nominal_cylinder_volume_error_fraction": -0.004107264757600149, "final_time_s": 30.0, "configured_end_time_s": 30.0, "completed": true, "final_mean_pressure_Pa": 94414.59025578, "uniform_cold_equilibrium_pressure_Pa": 94412.15674569333, "final_pressure_difference_from_uniform_limit_Pa": 2.4335100866737776, "solver_mass_relative_change": 1.4900144308203325e-13, "gas_internal_energy_change_J": -8.606298553576964, "integrated_wall_heat_into_gas_J": -9.555493568000127, "internal_heat_ledger_residual_J": 0.9491950144231627, "internal_heat_ledger_relative_discrepancy": 0.11029073747722319, "initial_wall_heat_flux_from_postprocess": false, "field_ledger": { "snapshot_time_s": 30.0, "cell_count": 8160, "integrated_mesh_volume_m3": 0.000497946369206653, "EOS_integrated_mass_kg": 0.0005995798036105345, "temperature_mass_mean_K": 273.1570403906525, "temperature_volume_mean_K": 273.1570405309863, "temperature_min_K": 273.1499938964844, "temperature_max_K": 273.17376708984375, "maximum_speed_ms": 0.0014553394867107272, "gas_internal_energy_J": 117.58494446046345, "gas_kinetic_energy_J": 8.994127294696713e-11, "gas_potential_energy_change_J": -8.544638419900101e-10, "gas_entropy_change_JK": -0.03040708394445762, "gas_available_energy_J_relative_ambient": 0.3075434523104478, "mass_origin": "rho reconstructed independently from saved p,T using the exact perfect-gas EOS; compared with solver rho integrals, because rho is not written as a volume field.", "wall_heat_into_gas_J": -9.555493568000127, "total_entropy_generation_JK": 0.00457550279542936, "exergy_balance_residual_J": 0.9492003619928248, "saved_field_is_final": true, "EOS_mass_vs_solver_relative_error": 3.393820913188961e-08 }, "fatal_solver_messages": [], "checks": { "mass_balance_below_1e-8": true, "heat_ledger_below_0p5pct_or_5mJ": false, "nonnegative_total_entropy_at_saved_field": true, "saved_EOS_mass_agrees_with_solver": true, "no_fatal_solver_message": true }, "numerical_budget_gate_pass": false }, { "case": "sealed-cylinder-cold-L2", "metadata": { "geometry": "Closed horizontal circular cylinder, nominal 0.50 L", "radius_m": 0.035, "length_m": 0.1299224025239962, "nominal_volume_m3": 0.0005, "mesh_factor": 2, "wall_temperature_K": 273.15, "initial_gas_temperature_K": 293.15, "initial_pressure_Pa": 101325, "end_time_s": 30.0, "physics": "Compressible perfect-gas buoyant laminar Navier-Stokes and enthalpy; no mass-flow boundary. Imposed wall temperature, not a finite wall/cold-store model.", "scope": "Spatial mechanism/numerical reference. Real vessel heat capacity, insert geometry and cryogenic phase behavior remain outside this case.", "solver": "OpenFOAM v2412 buoyantPimpleFoam", "source_template": "OpenFOAM v2412 hotRoom tutorial (GPL notices retained in fvSchemes)." }, "cells": 65280, "mesh_volume_m3": 0.0004994861166242, "nominal_cylinder_volume_error_fraction": -0.00102776675159999, "final_time_s": 30.0, "configured_end_time_s": 30.0, "completed": true, "final_mean_pressure_Pa": 94414.77262914, "uniform_cold_equilibrium_pressure_Pa": 94412.15674569333, "final_pressure_difference_from_uniform_limit_Pa": 2.6158834466768894, "solver_mass_relative_change": 2.1452078206055326e-14, "gas_internal_energy_change_J": -8.63268310480921, "integrated_wall_heat_into_gas_J": -9.635172914455593, "internal_heat_ledger_residual_J": 1.0024898096463826, "internal_heat_ledger_relative_discrepancy": 0.11612725701559717, "initial_wall_heat_flux_from_postprocess": false, "field_ledger": { "snapshot_time_s": 0.0, "cell_count": 65280, "integrated_mesh_volume_m3": 0.0004994861360102651, "EOS_integrated_mass_kg": 0.0006014338231186701, "temperature_mass_mean_K": 293.1499938964844, "temperature_volume_mean_K": 293.14999389648443, "temperature_min_K": 293.1499938964844, "temperature_max_K": 293.1499938964844, "maximum_speed_ms": 0.0, "gas_internal_energy_J": 126.58144619572192, "gas_kinetic_energy_J": 0.0, "gas_potential_energy_change_J": 1.1031280649007177e-20, "gas_entropy_change_JK": 0.0, "gas_available_energy_J_relative_ambient": 2.0534877194222755e-06, "mass_origin": "rho reconstructed independently from saved p,T using the exact perfect-gas EOS; compared with solver rho integrals, because rho is not written as a volume field.", "wall_heat_into_gas_J": 0.0, "total_entropy_generation_JK": 0.0, "exergy_balance_residual_J": 2.0534877194222755e-06, "saved_field_is_final": false, "EOS_mass_vs_solver_relative_error": 3.4356613221042664e-08 }, "fatal_solver_messages": [], "checks": { "mass_balance_below_1e-8": true, "heat_ledger_below_0p5pct_or_5mJ": false, "nonnegative_total_entropy_at_saved_field": true, "saved_EOS_mass_agrees_with_solver": true, "no_fatal_solver_message": true }, "numerical_budget_gate_pass": false }, { "case": "sealed-cylinder-cold-L1-coupled-pilot", "metadata": { "geometry": "Closed horizontal circular cylinder, nominal 0.50 L", "radius_m": 0.035, "length_m": 0.1299224025239962, "nominal_volume_m3": 0.0005, "mesh_factor": 1, "wall_temperature_K": 273.15, "initial_gas_temperature_K": 293.15, "initial_pressure_Pa": 101325, "end_time_s": 2.0, "physics": "Compressible perfect-gas buoyant laminar Navier-Stokes and enthalpy; no mass-flow boundary. Imposed wall temperature, not a finite wall/cold-store model.", "scope": "Spatial mechanism/numerical reference. Real vessel heat capacity, insert geometry and cryogenic phase behavior remain outside this case.", "solver": "OpenFOAM v2412 buoyantPimpleFoam", "source_template": "OpenFOAM v2412 hotRoom tutorial (GPL notices retained in fvSchemes).", "numerical_followup": "Six PIMPLE outer correctors, no equation underrelaxation, max dt 0.005 s. Pilot follows failed heat balance in two-corrector diagnostic." }, "cells": 8160, "mesh_volume_m3": 0.0004979463676212, "nominal_cylinder_volume_error_fraction": -0.004107264757600149, "final_time_s": 2.0, "configured_end_time_s": 2.0, "completed": true, "final_mean_pressure_Pa": 96683.70919052, "uniform_cold_equilibrium_pressure_Pa": 94412.15674569333, "final_pressure_difference_from_uniform_limit_Pa": 2271.5524448266806, "solver_mass_relative_change": 1.4900144308203325e-13, "gas_internal_energy_change_J": -5.780313448666831, "integrated_wall_heat_into_gas_J": -5.778120842629968, "internal_heat_ledger_residual_J": -0.0021926060368633316, "internal_heat_ledger_relative_discrepancy": 0.0003793230343536185, "initial_wall_heat_flux_from_postprocess": false, "field_ledger": { "snapshot_time_s": 2.0, "cell_count": 8160, "integrated_mesh_volume_m3": 0.000497946369206653, "EOS_integrated_mass_kg": 0.0005995798026303444, "temperature_mass_mean_K": 279.72197739427776, "temperature_volume_mean_K": 279.76638072046177, "temperature_min_K": 273.2016906738281, "temperature_max_K": 286.17169189453125, "maximum_speed_ms": 0.062262989580631256, "gas_internal_energy_J": 120.41092941867817, "gas_kinetic_energy_J": 1.5400149841178068e-07, "gas_potential_energy_change_J": -8.797186266461385e-07, "gas_entropy_change_JK": -0.020231634318247187, "gas_available_energy_J_relative_ambient": 0.15059491642843253, "mass_origin": "rho reconstructed independently from saved p,T using the exact perfect-gas EOS; compared with solver rho integrals, because rho is not written as a volume field.", "wall_heat_into_gas_J": -5.778120842629968, "total_entropy_generation_JK": 0.0009220206062630389, "exergy_balance_residual_J": -0.0021878413357623305, "saved_field_is_final": true, "EOS_mass_vs_solver_relative_error": 3.557300409795516e-08 }, "fatal_solver_messages": [], "checks": { "mass_balance_below_1e-8": true, "heat_ledger_below_0p5pct_or_5mJ": true, "nonnegative_total_entropy_at_saved_field": true, "saved_EOS_mass_agrees_with_solver": true, "no_fatal_solver_message": true }, "numerical_budget_gate_pass": true }, { "case": "sealed-cylinder-cold-L1-internal-energy-pilot", "metadata": { "geometry": "Closed horizontal circular cylinder, nominal 0.50 L", "radius_m": 0.035, "length_m": 0.1299224025239962, "nominal_volume_m3": 0.0005, "mesh_factor": 1, "wall_temperature_K": 273.15, "initial_gas_temperature_K": 293.15, "initial_pressure_Pa": 101325, "end_time_s": 2.0, "physics": "Compressible perfect-gas buoyant laminar Navier-Stokes and enthalpy; no mass-flow boundary. Imposed wall temperature, not a finite wall/cold-store model.", "scope": "Spatial mechanism/numerical reference. Real vessel heat capacity, insert geometry and cryogenic phase behavior remain outside this case.", "solver": "OpenFOAM v2412 buoyantPimpleFoam", "source_template": "OpenFOAM v2412 hotRoom tutorial (GPL notices retained in fvSchemes).", "numerical_followup": "Internal-energy formulation pilot; same coupled tolerances and thermal conditions.", "energy_form": "sensibleInternalEnergy" }, "cells": 8160, "mesh_volume_m3": 0.0004979463676212, "nominal_cylinder_volume_error_fraction": -0.004107264757600149, "final_time_s": 2.0, "configured_end_time_s": 2.0, "completed": true, "final_mean_pressure_Pa": 96721.80843558, "uniform_cold_equilibrium_pressure_Pa": 94412.15674569333, "final_pressure_difference_from_uniform_limit_Pa": 2309.6516898866685, "solver_mass_relative_change": 1.4900144308203325e-13, "gas_internal_energy_change_J": -5.732864239477874, "integrated_wall_heat_into_gas_J": -5.730674851392761, "internal_heat_ledger_residual_J": -0.002189388085112931, "internal_heat_ledger_relative_discrepancy": 0.000381901261508389, "initial_wall_heat_flux_from_postprocess": false, "field_ledger": { "snapshot_time_s": 2.0, "cell_count": 8160, "integrated_mesh_volume_m3": 0.000497946369206653, "EOS_integrated_mass_kg": 0.0005995798040271835, "temperature_mass_mean_K": 279.83220471248825, "temperature_volume_mean_K": 279.88151046274726, "temperature_min_K": 273.1880187988281, "temperature_max_K": 286.7415466308594, "maximum_speed_ms": 0.0628330260515213, "gas_internal_energy_J": 120.45837888003737, "gas_kinetic_energy_J": 1.495505683722234e-07, "gas_potential_energy_change_J": -9.424911344725056e-07, "gas_entropy_change_JK": -0.02006727334022787, "gas_available_energy_J_relative_ambient": 0.149861478327042, "mass_origin": "rho reconstructed independently from saved p,T using the exact perfect-gas EOS; compared with solver rho integrals, because rho is not written as a volume field.", "wall_heat_into_gas_J": -5.730674851392761, "total_entropy_generation_JK": 0.0009126821838166543, "exergy_balance_residual_J": -0.002184849967996394, "saved_field_is_final": true, "EOS_mass_vs_solver_relative_error": 3.324330744014503e-08 }, "fatal_solver_messages": [], "checks": { "mass_balance_below_1e-8": true, "heat_ledger_below_0p5pct_or_5mJ": true, "nonnegative_total_entropy_at_saved_field": true, "saved_EOS_mass_agrees_with_solver": true, "no_fatal_solver_message": true }, "numerical_budget_gate_pass": true }, { "case": "sealed-cylinder-cold-L1-coupled", "metadata": { "geometry": "Closed horizontal circular cylinder, nominal 0.50 L", "radius_m": 0.035, "length_m": 0.1299224025239962, "nominal_volume_m3": 0.0005, "mesh_factor": 1, "wall_temperature_K": 273.15, "initial_gas_temperature_K": 293.15, "initial_pressure_Pa": 101325, "end_time_s": 30.0, "physics": "Compressible perfect-gas buoyant laminar Navier-Stokes and enthalpy; no mass-flow boundary. Imposed wall temperature, not a finite wall/cold-store model.", "scope": "Spatial mechanism/numerical reference. Real vessel heat capacity, insert geometry and cryogenic phase behavior remain outside this case.", "solver": "OpenFOAM v2412 buoyantPimpleFoam", "source_template": "OpenFOAM v2412 hotRoom tutorial (GPL notices retained in fvSchemes).", "numerical_followup": "Six PIMPLE outer correctors, no equation underrelaxation, max dt 0.005 s. Follows coupled pilot with approximately 0.04 percent integrated heat discrepancy.", "validation_status": "Numerical conservation and mesh sensitivity to be analyzed; no physical evidence." }, "cells": 8160, "mesh_volume_m3": 0.0004979463676212, "nominal_cylinder_volume_error_fraction": -0.004107264757600149, "final_time_s": 30.0, "configured_end_time_s": 30.0, "completed": true, "final_mean_pressure_Pa": 94413.66883105, "uniform_cold_equilibrium_pressure_Pa": 94412.15674569333, "final_pressure_difference_from_uniform_limit_Pa": 1.5120853566768346, "solver_mass_relative_change": 1.4900144308203325e-13, "gas_internal_energy_change_J": -8.607446105818815, "integrated_wall_heat_into_gas_J": -8.605648492748479, "internal_heat_ledger_residual_J": -0.0017976130703356574, "internal_heat_ledger_relative_discrepancy": 0.0002088439530420566, "initial_wall_heat_flux_from_postprocess": true, "field_ledger": { "snapshot_time_s": 30.0, "cell_count": 8160, "integrated_mesh_volume_m3": 0.000497946369206653, "EOS_integrated_mass_kg": 0.0005995798013974562, "temperature_mass_mean_K": 273.1543748901676, "temperature_volume_mean_K": 273.15437495013066, "temperature_min_K": 273.1499938964844, "temperature_max_K": 273.1656799316406, "maximum_speed_ms": 0.0010609924793243408, "gas_internal_energy_J": 117.58379668077146, "gas_kinetic_energy_J": 4.523564081390471e-11, "gas_potential_energy_change_J": -6.22756824049413e-10, "gas_entropy_change_JK": -0.030411284421931126, "gas_available_energy_J_relative_ambient": 0.3076276947845366, "mass_origin": "rho reconstructed independently from saved p,T using the exact perfect-gas EOS; compared with solver rho integrals, because rho is not written as a volume field.", "wall_heat_into_gas_J": -8.605648492748479, "total_entropy_generation_JK": 0.0010939269738165572, "exergy_balance_residual_J": -0.0017918407560935656, "saved_field_is_final": true, "EOS_mass_vs_solver_relative_error": 3.762925770978143e-08 }, "fatal_solver_messages": [], "checks": { "mass_balance_below_1e-8": true, "heat_ledger_below_0p5pct_or_5mJ": true, "nonnegative_total_entropy_at_saved_field": true, "saved_EOS_mass_agrees_with_solver": true, "no_fatal_solver_message": true }, "numerical_budget_gate_pass": true }, { "case": "sealed-cylinder-cold-L2-coupled", "metadata": { "geometry": "Closed horizontal circular cylinder, nominal 0.50 L", "radius_m": 0.035, "length_m": 0.1299224025239962, "nominal_volume_m3": 0.0005, "mesh_factor": 2, "wall_temperature_K": 273.15, "initial_gas_temperature_K": 293.15, "initial_pressure_Pa": 101325, "end_time_s": 30.0, "physics": "Compressible perfect-gas buoyant laminar Navier-Stokes and enthalpy; no mass-flow boundary. Imposed wall temperature, not a finite wall/cold-store model.", "scope": "Spatial mechanism/numerical reference. Real vessel heat capacity, insert geometry and cryogenic phase behavior remain outside this case.", "solver": "OpenFOAM v2412 buoyantPimpleFoam", "source_template": "OpenFOAM v2412 hotRoom tutorial (GPL notices retained in fvSchemes).", "numerical_followup": "Six PIMPLE outer correctors, no equation underrelaxation, max dt 0.005 s. Follows coupled pilot with approximately 0.04 percent integrated heat discrepancy.", "validation_status": "Numerical conservation and mesh sensitivity to be analyzed; no physical evidence." }, "cells": 65280, "mesh_volume_m3": 0.0004994861166242, "nominal_cylinder_volume_error_fraction": -0.00102776675159999, "final_time_s": 30.0, "configured_end_time_s": 30.0, "completed": true, "final_mean_pressure_Pa": 94413.60910333, "uniform_cold_equilibrium_pressure_Pa": 94412.15674569333, "final_pressure_difference_from_uniform_limit_Pa": 1.452357636677334, "solver_mass_relative_change": 2.1452078206055326e-14, "gas_internal_energy_change_J": -8.634136653164443, "integrated_wall_heat_into_gas_J": -8.627493315698176, "internal_heat_ledger_residual_J": -0.006643337466266885, "internal_heat_ledger_relative_discrepancy": 0.0007694269540929813, "initial_wall_heat_flux_from_postprocess": false, "field_ledger": { "snapshot_time_s": 30.0, "cell_count": 65280, "integrated_mesh_volume_m3": 0.0004994861360102651, "EOS_integrated_mass_kg": 0.0006014338449051022, "temperature_mass_mean_K": 273.15420186526956, "temperature_volume_mean_K": 273.15420192217084, "temperature_min_K": 273.1499938964844, "temperature_max_K": 273.1654357910156, "maximum_speed_ms": 0.0010672315256670117, "gas_internal_energy_J": 117.94731892974639, "gas_kinetic_energy_J": 4.438018655244959e-11, "gas_potential_energy_change_J": -6.226130559107458e-10, "gas_entropy_change_JK": -0.030505598181035015, "gas_available_energy_J_relative_ambient": 0.3085844750783263, "mass_origin": "rho reconstructed independently from saved p,T using the exact perfect-gas EOS; compared with solver rho integrals, because rho is not written as a volume field.", "wall_heat_into_gas_J": -8.627493315698176, "total_entropy_generation_JK": 0.001079586939588005, "exergy_balance_residual_J": -0.006638315993910571, "saved_field_is_final": true, "EOS_mass_vs_solver_relative_error": 1.867540788680344e-09 }, "fatal_solver_messages": [], "checks": { "mass_balance_below_1e-8": true, "heat_ledger_below_0p5pct_or_5mJ": true, "nonnegative_total_entropy_at_saved_field": true, "saved_EOS_mass_agrees_with_solver": true, "no_fatal_solver_message": true }, "numerical_budget_gate_pass": true } ], "mesh_comparison": { "common_time_s": 30.0, "pressure_difference_Pa_fine_minus_coarse": -0.05880147000425495, "both_runs_complete": true, "limit": "Two meshes provide a sensitivity only; no formal asymptotic order/GCI or experimental validation is established." }, "diagnostic_rule": "Original two-outer/relaxed/coarser-time-step cases are retained as failed heat-ledger diagnostics. Tighter coupled runs must pass their own budgets before interpretation.", "limits": [ "Imposed 0 C wall; no cooling of a real vessel wall and no finite cold-bath accounting inside this CFD.", "Closed laminar cylinder, not a turbine, thermopneumatic valve cycle, suction seal or vehicle airflow.", "Numerical conservation is necessary but does not validate heat-transfer coefficients or bench performance.", "Saved p/T are used with the declared EOS; solver rho integrals are checked independently against that reconstruction.", "First-wall-flux quadrature is explicit. Where a zero-time postprocess is absent the first recorded flux is extended back to zero.", "The internal-energy-form pilot changes discretization as well as algebraic form; differences remain a model-numerics sensitivity." ], "physical_measurements": 0 }