More useful power
A replacement thermal path.
The old closed pressure loop is replaced by liquid pumping, engine-heat input and reheated nitrogen expansion. Both loops do not receive the same cold supply.
P4.1 · Theoretical research · Physical tests: 0
Faster starts.
Shorter stops.
More useful power.
Could a car out-accelerate and out-brake a Bugatti Chiron? The updated CryoPulse model combines through-flow airways, powered downforce, adaptive braking and a cryogenic power stage.
Conditional theoretical results. Physical measurements: 0.These are calculations for an unbuilt vehicle. They depend on the stated aerodynamic, tyre, fan, heat-transfer and electrical targets. The exterior image illustrates the design direction.
0–100 km/h1.98 s
Published Chiron: 2.4 s
0–400 km/h26.29 s
Published Chiron: 32.6 s
400–0 km/h445.5 m
Published Chiron: 491 m
0–400–0 km/h33.77 s
Published Chiron: 41.96 s
One launch. One stop. No battery reset.
The additions earn their weight.
P4.1 carries 2,791 kg through the complete event. The fitted combustion-engine power curve stays the same. The battery still has a 10 MJ chemical operating window and an 8 MJ DC exchange limit.
| Event | Published Chiron | P4.0 model | P4.1 model |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0–100 km/h | 2.4 s | 2.06 s | 1.98 s |
| 0–200 km/h | 6.1 s | 6.17 s | 5.98 s |
| 0–300 km/h | 13.1 s | 13.65 s | 12.97 s |
| 0–400 km/h | 32.6 s | 28.53 s | 26.29 s |
| 400–0 km/h | 491 m | 463.9 m | 445.5 m |
| 0–400–0 km/h | 41.96 s | 36.41 s | 33.77 s |
Original Chiron reference, not the Super Sport or a matched physical test. Bugatti’s published 2017 run ↗ The CryoPulse engine and tyre laws are fitted requirements models, not a measured Chiron powertrain.
More control
Downforce where it helps.
Seven pressure stages in each of three floor-flow paths. Commands stay within the modelled map. Braking uses the floor and upper vents together.
The same finite energy limits
A stronger electrical path.
An extra parallel battery string reduces cell loading. A 310 kW shared bus supports an effective wheel-assist envelope up to 280 kW. Their added mass is counted.
Cold liquid + engine waste heat → expansion work
Where the extra energy comes from.
Cold creates a usable temperature difference. The revised system pumps liquid nitrogen, heats it using the engine’s calculated exhaust flow, then expands it in two stages. The resulting electricity joins the same DC bus as the battery.
Six kilograms of liquid.
0.82 kg is spent cooling the cold pipe and pump before driving.
The engine warms the core.
Hot metal starts at room temperature. The heat stream follows actual modelled engine work.
Expand. Reheat. Expand.
A finite nitrogen flow drives a generator. Pump and exhaust-blower demand are debited.
Useful power reaches the bus.
Traction, fans and hydraulics share their limits. Unaccepted generation is recorded as dumped heat.
Generator output less the stage’s pump, blower and control demand.
Startup and cold preparation are separate, explicit costs. The finite liquid store pays for both.
The remaining inventory carries forward. Boiloff receives no vehicle-weight benefit.
Follow the calculated sprint
Vehicle speed0 km/h
Hot core293 K
Generator output0 kW
Liquid remaining5.18 kg
This player reads the saved simulation. Generator power is gross; the net figures above also subtract the stage’s electrical loads.
Does the cold stage improve the car?
With the same hardware and mass carried in both runs, switching the thermal stage off gives 27.60 s to 400 km/h. Switching it on gives 26.29 s.
That is an isolated model comparison. It does not depend on subtracting the cold system’s weight from the off case.
The preparation still costs energy.
The reversible minimum to prepare six kilograms of liquid nitrogen is about 4.45 MJ; a real supply chain costs more. Engine heat is also an explicit input.
This is a finite energy-conversion system. It is not a self-charging source or evidence of energy appearing from an empty region.
Same fitted engine · no speed limiter
Spend the pulse on the sprint.
Or save it for speed.
The same car can use different energy policies. A speed run keeps wheel boost off during acceleration and saves the remaining battery for a temporary high-speed pulse.
Traction boost off
444.4 km/hEngine-only force equilibrium after the sprint. Traction boost stays off; airflow and chassis services still draw electricity.
Own 0–400 launch: 26.29 s. Traction DC delivered after 400: 0.00 MJ. No fresh pack or nitrogen supply.
Power-balance predictions, not established vehicle top speeds.The 0.57 m² external drag-area target remains unverified by the new body CFD. Above 400 km/h, engine power is extrapolated. Gearing, tyre speed rating, thermal rejection and high-speed stability need physical qualification. The temporary peak falls back when the pulse ends.
Reproducible calculations / retained limits
Make the evidence inspectable.
27 sampled control cases passed.
Nine established road and fault cases, plus eighteen new parameter draws. Each checks stopping, lane position, heading, suspension travel and the finite energy ledgers.
Dry reference446 m · Pass
Split grip755 m · Pass
Crosswind case609 m · Pass
Split grip + crosswind756 m · Pass
One upper port restricted448 m · Pass
Split grip + port fault756 m · Pass
Low grip1,233 m · Pass
Low grip + port fault1,257 m · Pass
Airflow motor fault574 m · Pass
A passed finite scenario screen does not establish general road safety. The models still assume a smooth road and the stated tyre, seal and fan maps.
Check the assumptions too.
Halving the numerical timestep changes the dry stopping distance by 1.0 cm. The thermal stage closes first-law and exergy identities and has positive entropy generation.
Computational audit ↗Every passed gate and its exact scope.Full launch calculation ↗Wheel slip, normal loads, pack state and thermal startup.Continuous braking calculation ↗The same stores, hydraulics, temperature and trajectory.All high-speed policies ↗Finite pulses and their separate launch states.Thermal requirement sensitivity ↗Lower heat, lower UA, efficiency and pressure loss.Hardware and material account ↗Mass budgets, exchanger sizing and component interfaces.18 new control cases ↗Retained results from the frozen held-out plan.Floor fan operating envelope ↗Actual force, electrical draw and achievable requests.
What has been shown, and what has not?
The equations show a conditional performance improvement with finite stores, mass and service loads. They do not show that a real car has reached these figures. The airframe drag target, road seal, installed motor map, heat-transfer performance, structural loads and new hardware packaging still need measurements and a detailed installation design.
What changed in the cold system?
P4.0 used an ambient-heat, recuperated pressure loop. P4.1 replaces it with open nitrogen expansion heated by engine exhaust. The original cooling-and-pressure idea remains a separate bench hypothesis; this new power stage does not prove a negative-energy or empty-space mechanism.
Why does a higher-power battery not mean free extra energy?
The extra parallel cells reduce loading per cell and add mass. The model still allows only the same 10 MJ chemical and 8 MJ DC exchange windows. Internal resistance, conversion loss, voltage limits and heating are calculated. Nameplate energy outside that operating window stays unavailable.
This is only the beginning of the full CryoPulse programme
The next proof is a measurement.
The model now gives the hardware a job to meet. Further theoretical testing and physical demonstrations are to come. This release develops the airflow, energy and braking parts of a larger vehicle system.
Airflow and floor rig
Measure net force, pressure, mass flow and DC power together. Test a moving leakage gap. Include inlet capture and outlet momentum in the same force balance.
Thermal power bench
Measure liquid consumption, hot-stream heat, metal startup and net electrical output using rated laboratory hardware. Check pressure loss and heat transfer simultaneously.
Whole-car installation
Resolve the motor gearing, fan packaging and thermal structure. Run qualified body CFD, then tyre and suspension testing, before a high-speed prototype.
What else remains in the wider plan?
Door and occupant access, freezing-pressure cycles, magnetic actuation, cooperative magnetic collision research and wheel reconfiguration remain development packages. They receive no performance bonus in the figures above. The current release is not a percentage claim that the full plan is finished.